Longitudinal Analysis Of Patents On Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is epidemiologically relevant worldwide because it is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. This study aims to present the mapping of technologies related to colorectal cancer. The search took place during the months of May and June 2019. The Leans database was used, which collects global patent information. The search occurred through the term "colorectal cancer", inserted in the title or abstract fields. Patents with publication date between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2019 were selected. Only the patents granted and those filed were filtered (patent application; granted patent). A total of 6,850 patents were identified, of which 5,445 (79.48%) correspond to patents filed and 1,405 (20.51%) are patents granted in the period from 2000 to 2019. In 2000, 47 patents on colorectal cancer were published. The quantitative growth of technologies filed and granted was constant. In 2017 there was a total of 911 applications, indicating a growth of 1938.29% in relation to the year 2000. The first patent of the period was on the APC gene mutation, associated with colorectal cancer in families of Ashkenazi Jews, developed by Laken and collaborators (2000), and belongs to Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It can be concluded that the mapping of patents is important to trace a panorama of the world technological advance, as well as it can also be used as an instrument to identify scientific articles that cite patents developed in a given time space

The rise and fall of the Phytophthora infestans lineage that triggered the Irish potato famine

Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato late blight, is infamous for having triggered the Irish Great Famine in the 1840s. Until the late 1970s, P. infestans diversity outside of its Mexican center of origin was low, and one scenario held that a single strain, US-1, had dominated the global population for 150 years; this was later challenged based on DNA analysis of historical herbarium specimens. We have compared the genomes of 11 herbarium and 15 modern strains. We conclude that the nineteenth century epidemic was caused by a unique genotype, HERB-1, that persisted for over 50 years. HERB-1 is distinct from all examined modern strains, but it is a close relative of US-1, which replaced it outside of Mexico in the twentieth century. We propose that HERB-1 and US-1 emerged from a metapopulation that was established in the early 1800s outside of the species' center of diversity.Comment: To be published in eLIF

LASER treatment in gynaecology -A randomized controlled trial in women with symptomatic lichen sclerosus.

OBJECTIVE Aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of laser treatment in vulvar lichen sclerosus, mainly the reduction of existing symptoms as itching, burning and pain. We asked about the different outcome by using different application doses. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind dose-controlled trial in our dysplasia unit specializing vulvar disorders. 67patients with active LS were included. LS was confirmed by biopsy or by the validated CSS (clinical scoring system of vulvar LS). Computer generated randomization resulted in two groups, each group received a different application dose.(LDG- low dose group, NDG- normal dose group) During the study period of 18 weeks all participants received three laser applications in three subsequent sessions of three weeks. Two follow-ups six and twelve weeks after the first application was performed. At every visit, the participants filled in the VAS (visual analogue scale) for recording the actual vulvar symptoms as itching burning or pain on a range from 0 to 10. RESULTS Before treatment the mean VAS-Score was 4.3 (STD ± 2.4) in the NDG and 5.1(±2.6) in the LDG. After 18 weeks, the mean reduction was -2.4 (±2.3) for NDG and -2.7 (±2.8) for LDG. Four patients (two of each group) reported more pain after than before treatment. Both groups show significant lower VAS-Scores 18 weeks after the treatment than before therapy (p < 0.0001). The reduction of symptoms after 18 weeks between NDG and LDG was not significant (p = 0.6244). CONCLUSION Laser treatment with the microablative CO2 laser leads to a significant improvement for symptoms of LS. A higher dosage of laser radiation shows no benefit concerning the symptoms. We have not observed any serious adverse events during this study

Long photoperiods sustain high pH in Arctic kelp forests

Concern on the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers, such as bivalves, sea urchins, and foraminifers, has led to efforts to understand the controls on pH in their habitats, which include kelp forests and seagrass meadows. The metabolism of these habitats can lead to diel fluctuation in pH with increases during the day and declines at night, suggesting no net effect on pH at time scales longer than daily. We examined the capacity of subarctic and Arctic kelps to up-regulate pH in situ and experimentally tested the role of photoperiod in determining the capacity of Arctic macrophytes to up-regulate pH. Field observations at photoperiods of 15 and 24 hours in Greenland combined with experimental manipulations of photoperiod show that photoperiods longer than 21 hours, characteristic of Arctic summers, are conducive to sustained up-regulation of pH by kelp photosynthesis. We report a gradual increase in pH of 0.15 units and a parallel decline in pCO2 of 100 parts per million over a 10-day period in an Arctic kelp forest over midsummer, with ample scope for continued pH increase during the months of continuous daylight. Experimental increase in CO2 concentration further stimulated the capacity of macrophytes to deplete CO2 and increase pH. We conclude that long photoperiods in Arctic summers support sustained up-regulation of pH in kelp forests, with potential benefits for calcifiers, and propose that this mechanism may increase with the projected expansion of Arctic vegetation in response to warming and loss of sea ice.The study was funded by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency within the Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic. It is also a contribution to the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring program (www.G-E-M.dk) and the Arctic Science Partnership (www.asp-net.org). M.S.-M. was supported by a Fundación “La Caixa” fellowship (Spain). We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Experience of unpleasant sensations in the mouth after injection of saline from prefilled syringes

Background Nurses at The Norwegian Radium Hospital have reported that some patients notice an unpleasant smell or taste in accordance with flushing of intravenous lines with commercially available prefilled syringes. We have conducted a study in healthy volunteers to investigate the occurrence, consistency and intensity of this phenomenon. Methods A randomised, blinded, crossover study comparing commercial available prefilled saline 9 mg/ml syringes to saline 9 mg/ml for injection in polyethylene package was performed in 10 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were given intravenous injections of varying volume and speed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and also Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to compare groups. Results After intravenous injection, 2 of 15 recordings demonstrated any sensation of smell or taste after injection of saline from polyethylene package, while 14 of 15 recordings noted a sensation after injection of saline from prefilled syringes. The intensity of the unpleasant sensation was rated significantly higher after injection of saline from prefilled syringes compared to saline from polyethylene (p = 0.001). Conclusions Injection of saline from prefilled syringes in healthy volunteers resulted in an experience of bad taste or smell. It is important that nurses and health workers are aware of the phenomenon as described in this article in order to choose the preferred product for a given patient

Epidemiologically most successful SARS-CoV-2 variant: concurrent mutations in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and spike protein

The D614G mutation of the Spike protein is thought to be relevant for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we report biological and epidemiological aspects of this mutation. Using pseudotyped lentivectors, we were able to confirm that the G614 variant of the Spike protein is markedly more infectious than the ancestral D614 variant. We demonstrate by molecular modelling that the replacement of aspartate by glycine in position 614 facilitates the transition towards an open state of the Spike protein. To understand whether the increased infectivity of the D614 variant explains its epidemiological success, we analysed the evolution of 27,086 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from GISAID. We observed striking coevolution of D614G with the P323L mutation in the viral polymerase. Importantly, exclusive presence of G614 or L323 did not become epidemiologically relevant. In contrast, the combination of the two mutations gave rise to a viral G/L variant that has all but replaced the initial D/P variant. There was no significant correlation between reported COVID mortality in different countries and the prevalence of the Wuhan versus G/L variant. However, when comparing the speed of emergence and the ultimate predominance in individual countries, the G/L variant displays major epidemiological supremacy. Our results suggest that the P323L mutation, located in the interface domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is a necessary alteration that led to the epidemiological success of the present variant of SARS-CoV-2

The endolysosomal adaptor PLEKHM1 is a direct target for both mTOR and MAPK pathways

The lysosome is a cellular signalling hub at the point of convergence of endocytic and autophagic pathways, where the contents are degraded and recycled. Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family member 1 (PLEKHM1) acts as an adaptor to facilitate the fusion of endocytic and autophagic vesicles with the lysosome. However, it is unclear how PLEKHM1 function at the lysosome is controlled. Herein, we show that PLEKHM1 co-precipitates with, and is directly phosphorylated by, mTOR. Using a phospho-specific antibody against Ser432/S435 of PLEKHM1, we show that the same motif is a direct target for ERK2-mediated phosphorylation in a growth factor-dependent manner. This dual regulation of PLEKHM1 at a highly conserved region points to a convergence of both growth factor- and amino acid-sensing pathways, placing PLEKHM1 at a critical juncture of cellular metabolism

Humans Infected with Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi, Russia

Disease may occur throughout the world because of the widespread prevalence of this pathogen in ixodid ticks

Educação física na educação infantil: o papel do professor de Educação Física

Esta Pesquisa tematiza e objetiva compreender e analisar a importância do professor de Educação Física na Educação Infantil, especialmente para contribuir com o desenvolvimento da criança nessa e o trabalho conjunto entre o professor de sala e o professor de Educação Física. O trabalho de campo foi realizado através de observação participante, análise de documentos e entrevistas com a equipe docente. Os resultados destacam a importância de oportunizar a ludicidade nas aulas de EF, a afetividade na EI e a relevância da construção de um trabalho coletivo para a realização de uma prática pedagógica que considere a integralidade da criança de 0 a 5 anos.Mesa 15: Educación física, infancias y juventudesFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Educação física na educação infantil: o papel do professor de Educação Física

Esta Pesquisa tematiza e objetiva compreender e analisar a importância do professor de Educação Física na Educação Infantil, especialmente para contribuir com o desenvolvimento da criança nessa e o trabalho conjunto entre o professor de sala e o professor de Educação Física. O trabalho de campo foi realizado através de observação participante, análise de documentos e entrevistas com a equipe docente. Os resultados destacam a importância de oportunizar a ludicidade nas aulas de EF, a afetividade na EI e a relevância da construção de um trabalho coletivo para a realização de uma prática pedagógica que considere a integralidade da criança de 0 a 5 anos.Mesa 15: Educación física, infancias y juventudesFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació